Contour line
Overview
A contour line is a line on a topographic map that connects points of equal elevation. It visually represents the shape of the terrain and allows users to interpret landforms and changes in slope.
Key points
- Contour lines show elevation patterns and terrain shape.
- They help identify ridges, valleys, slopes, and landforms.
- Lines that are close together indicate steep terrain.
- Lines that are far apart indicate gentler slopes.
- Every contour map includes a clearly stated contour interval.
- Index contours appear at regular intervals and are often labeled.
Details
Contour lines are a fundamental element of topographic maps, providing a two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional terrain. Each line represents a continuous path of equal elevation, meaning that if a hiker were to walk along a contour line, they would remain at the same height above sea level.
Contour spacing conveys slope steepness. When lines are tightly packed, the terrain rises or descends quickly. Wider spacing indicates more gradual transitions. Landforms can be interpreted by observing the shapes of contour patterns. For example, V-shaped lines typically point upstream in valleys, while rounded patterns may indicate hills or domes.
Maps include index contours, which occur at regular elevation increments and are often bolder or labeled. These help users determine specific elevations and calculate height differences.
Understanding how contour lines depict landforms improves terrain awareness, route choices, and hazard identification. This skill is important in navigation, especially in remote or mountainous environments.
Related topics
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