Canyons Gorges And Slot Features

Canyons and gorges form where rivers or streams cut deeply into bedrock or sediment, producing steep walls and confined corridors. Slots are extremely narrow canyon-like features where walls can be close together and relatively high compared with the width of the passage. Long distance hiking routes may follow canyon bottoms, traverse rim trails, or move between plateau and canyon environments.

Microclimates within canyons can differ markedly from surrounding uplands. Shade, cooler temperatures, and localized humidity may create distinct plant communities. Conversely, some canyon segments can be hot and exposed, particularly where walls reflect sunlight and limit airflow.

Trail surfaces in canyon settings can range from firm paths along benches to rocky streambeds, sand, or loose debris from rockfall. Some routes may cross streams repeatedly or follow paths near drops or narrow ledges. In certain regions, route conditions can change after storms or seasonal floods, and signage may need periodic replacement.

Flood behaviour is a key aspect of many canyon and slot landscapes. Sudden rises in water level can occur when rain falls upstream, even if conditions at the trail location appear dry. Because of this, established trails and information sources may include guidance on seasonal considerations and recommended conditions for travel.

This article provides a non-technical overview of canyon and gorge environments as they relate to hiking. It does not cover specialized slot canyon or canyoneering techniques, which involve separate skills, equipment, and training.